206 lines
9.6 KiB
HTML
206 lines
9.6 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
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<title>CodeIgniter Features : CodeIgniter User Guide</title>
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<style type='text/css' media='all'>@import url('../userguide.css');</style>
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<link rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media='all' href='../userguide.css' />
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/nav.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/prototype.lite.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/moo.fx.js"></script>
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<script type="text/javascript" src="../nav/user_guide_menu.js"></script>
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<meta http-equiv='expires' content='-1' />
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<meta http-equiv= 'pragma' content='no-cache' />
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<meta name='robots' content='all' />
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<meta name='author' content='ExpressionEngine Dev Team' />
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<meta name='description' content='CodeIgniter User Guide' />
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- START NAVIGATION -->
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<div id="nav"><div id="nav_inner"><script type="text/javascript">create_menu('../');</script></div></div>
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<div id="nav2"><a name="top"></a><a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="myHeight.toggle();"><img src="../images/nav_toggle_darker.jpg" width="154" height="43" border="0" title="Toggle Table of Contents" alt="Toggle Table of Contents" /></a></div>
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<div id="masthead">
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
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<tr>
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<td><h1>CodeIgniter User Guide Version 2.1.4</h1></td>
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<td id="breadcrumb_right"><a href="../toc.html">Table of Contents Page</a></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</div>
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<!-- END NAVIGATION -->
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<!-- START BREADCRUMB -->
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" style="width:100%">
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<tr>
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<td id="breadcrumb">
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<a href="http://codeigniter.com/">CodeIgniter Home</a> ›
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<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ›
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<a href="index.html">Tutorial</a> ›
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Static pages
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</td>
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<td id="searchbox"><form method="get" action="http://www.google.com/search"><input type="hidden" name="as_sitesearch" id="as_sitesearch" value="ellislab.com/codeigniter/user-guide/" />Search User Guide <input type="text" class="input" style="width:200px;" name="q" id="q" size="31" maxlength="255" value="" /> <input type="submit" class="submit" name="sa" value="Go" /></form></td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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<!-- END BREADCRUMB -->
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<br clear="all" />
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<!-- START CONTENT -->
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<div id="content">
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<h1>Tutorial − Static pages</h1>
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<p class="important"><strong>Note:</strong> This tutorial assumes you've downloaded CodeIgniter and <a href="../installation/index.html">installed the framework</a> in your development environment.</p>
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<p>The first thing you're going to do is set up a <strong>controller</strong> to handle static pages.
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A controller is simply a class that helps delegate work. It is the glue of your
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web application.</p>
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<p>For example, when a call is made to: <code>http://example.com/news/latest/10</code> We might imagine
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that there is a controller named "news". The method being called on news
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would be "latest". The news method's job could be to grab 10
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news items, and render them on the page. Very often in MVC, you'll see URL
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patterns that match: <code>http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments]</code>
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As URL schemes become more complex, this may change. But for now, this is all we will need to know.</p>
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<p>Create a file at <dfn>application/controllers/pages.php</dfn> with the following code.</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="10">
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<?php
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class Pages extends CI_Controller {
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public function view($page = 'home')
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{
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}
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}
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</textarea>
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<p>You have created a class named "pages", with a view method that accepts one argument named <var>$page</var>.
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The pages class is extending the CI_Controller class.
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This means that the new pages class can access the methods and variables defined in the CI_Controller class
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(<dfn>system/core/Controller.php</dfn>).</p>
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<p>The <strong>controller is what will become the center of every request</strong> to your web application.
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In very technical CodeIgniter discussions, it may be referred to as the <em>super object</em>.
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Like any php class, you refer to it within your controllers as <var>$this</var>.
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Referring to <var>$this</var> is how you will load libraries, views, and generally
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command the framework.</p>
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<p>Now you've created your first method, it's time to make some basic page templates.
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We will be creating two "views" (page templates) that act as our page footer and header.</p>
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<p>Create the header at <dfn>application/views/templates/header.php</dfn> and add the following code.</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="8">
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<html>
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<head>
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<title><?php echo $title ?> - CodeIgniter 2 Tutorial</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<h1>CodeIgniter 2 Tutorial</h1>
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</textarea>
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<p>The header contains the basic HTML code that you'll want to display before loading the main view, together with a heading.
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It will also output the <var>$title</var> variable, which we'll define later in the controller.
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Now create a footer at <dfn>application/views/templates/footer.php</dfn> that includes the following code:</p>
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<textarea class="textarea" style="width:100%" cols="50" rows="4">
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<strong>&copy; 2011</strong>
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</body>
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</html>
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</textarea>
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<h2>Adding logic to the controller</h2>
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<p>Earlier you set up a controller with a view() method. The method accepts one parameter, which is the name of the page to be loaded.
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The static page templates will be located in the <dfn>application/views/pages/</dfn> directory.</p>
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<p>In that directory, create two files named <dfn>home.php</dfn> and <dfn>about.php</dfn>.
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Within those files, type some text − anything you'd like − and save them.
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If you like to be particularly un-original, try "Hello World!".</p>
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<p>In order to load those pages, you'll have to check whether the requested page actually exists:</p>
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<pre>
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public function view($page = 'home')
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{
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if ( ! file_exists('application/views/pages/'.$page.'.php'))
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{
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// Whoops, we don't have a page for that!
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show_404();
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}
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$data['title'] = ucfirst($page); // Capitalize the first letter
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$this->load->view('templates/header', $data);
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$this->load->view('pages/'.$page, $data);
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$this->load->view('templates/footer', $data);
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}
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</pre>
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<p>Now, when the page does exist, it is loaded, including the header and footer, and displayed to the user. If the page doesn't exist, a "404 Page not found" error is shown.</p>
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<p>The first line in this method checks whether the page actually exists. PHP's native <var>file_exists()</var> function is used to check whether the file is where it's expected to be. <var>show_404()</var> is a built-in CodeIgniter function that renders the default error page.</p>
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<p>In the header template, the <var>$title</var> variable was used to customize the page title. The value of title is defined in this method, but instead of assigning the value to a variable, it is assigned to the title element in the <var>$data</var> array.</p>
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<p>The last thing that has to be done is loading the views in the order they should be displayed.
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The second parameter in the <var>view()</var> method is used to pass values to the view. Each value in the <var>$data</var> array is assigned to a variable with the name of its key. So the value of <var>$data['title']</var> in the controller is equivalent to $title in the view.<p>
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<h2>Routing</h2>
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<p>The controller is now functioning! Point your browser to <dfn>[your-site-url]index.php/pages/view</dfn> to see your page. When you visit <dfn>index.php/pages/view/about</dfn> you'll see the about page, again including the header and footer.</p>
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<p>Using custom routing rules, you have the power to map any URI to any controller and method, and break free from the normal convention:
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<code>http://example.com/[controller-class]/[controller-method]/[arguments]</code></p>
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<p>Let's do that. Open the routing file located at <dfn>application/config/routes.php</dfn> and add the following two lines. Remove all other code that sets any element in the <var>$route</var> array.</p>
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<pre>
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$route['default_controller'] = 'pages/view';
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$route['(:any)'] = 'pages/view/$1';
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</pre>
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<p>CodeIgniter reads its routing rules from top to bottom and routes the request to the first matching rule. Each rule is a regular expression
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(left-side) mapped to a controller and method name separated by slashes (right-side).
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When a request comes in, CodeIgniter looks for the first match, and calls the appropriate controller and method, possibly with arguments.</p>
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<p>More information about routing can be found in the URI Routing <a href="../general/routing.html">documentation</a>.</p>
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<p>Here, the second rule in the <var>$routes</var> array matches <strong>any</strong> request using the wildcard string <dfn>(:any)</dfn>.
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and passes the parameter to the view() method of the pages class.</p>
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<p>Now visit <dfn>index.php/about</dfn>. Did it get routed correctly to the <var>view()</var> method
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in the pages controller? Awesome!</p>
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</div>
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<!-- END CONTENT -->
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<div id="footer">
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<p>
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Previous Topic: <a href="index.html">Introduction</a>
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·
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<a href="#top">Top of Page</a> ·
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<a href="../index.html">User Guide Home</a> ·
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Next Topic: <a href="news_section.html">News section</a>
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</p>
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<p><a href="http://codeigniter.com">CodeIgniter</a> · Copyright © 2006 - 2012 · <a href="http://ellislab.com/">EllisLab, Inc.</a></p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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